Reviewed by 
Clinical Studies Show Cocoa Improves Blood Flow
Cocoa is rich in a number of bioactive flavonoids, including epicatechin. Previous research has shown this particular plant chemical has positive vascular effects, expanding constricted blood vessels and improving blood flow. In 2014, researchers published the first scientific evidence that cocoa could benefit patients with PAD. In this study, researchers followed twenty patients, with an average age of 69, who were put on a treadmill to test how far and for how long they could walk without pain. Half the volunteers were then given 40 grams of dark chocolate with a cocoa content greater than 85 percent-- almost pure dark chocolate -- while the rest ate the same amount of milk chocolate containing less than 35 percent cocoa.The Cocoa Group Walked 11 Percent Farther
Two hours later they were tested again on the treadmill. The milk chocolate patients showed no improvement, but people in the dark chocolate group were able to walk 11 percent farther, on average, and for a 15 percent longer duration. For the more recent Feinberg study, researchers randomly assigned 44 patients aged 60 to drink three mugs of cocoa a day (quite a choco-blowout, in my opinion) or the same amount of a placebo drink. The cocoa was natural, unprocessed, and contained a daily total of 75mg of epicatechin. These patients also had MRI scans of their legs to measure blood flow, and some of the volunteers agreed to a biopsy of the calf muscle to test energy production.Better Blood Flow and Muscle Health
At the end of six months, the placebo group deteriorated, suffering a decline of 26.5 yards in the distance they could walk, but the cocoa drinkers were able to walk 46.5 yards more. These are impressive results for a treatment as simple, safe and tasty as hot cocoa. Compared to placebo, the cocoa drinkers also experienced a 20 percent improvement in blood flow to the calves, and a 14 percent increase in the density of capillaries -- the tiny blood vessels that deliver oxygen to the tissues. In addition, the cocoa group saw a 98 percent improvement in mitochondrial activity, a marker of energy production at the cellular level.“Significant” Results
Lead author Dr. Mary McDermott explained, "The degree of improvement from chocolate was significant and meaningful. The epicatechins help dilate blood vessels, which enables more oxygen to travel to the tissues." Dr. McDermott published the study in the journal Circulation Research in February of 2020. In a commentary on the study in the same journal, Dr. Naomi Hamburg, then chair of the American Heart Association's Peripheral Vascular Disease Council, wrote, "Taken together, the pilot study by McDermott and colleagues provides compelling preliminary evidence to support a potential benefit of epicatechin-rich cocoa on walking ability along with protection from worsening of calf muscle perfusion [blood flow to the tissues], skeletal muscle injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction. "Someday, we may be able to prescribe eating more chocolate to our patients with PAD." My advice, with results like these, is why wait? Especially if you’re already experiencing leg pain, whether when walking or when you're trying to sleep at night and know you have circulation problems or that you’re at risk for them. I’m all for safe, affordable, natural treatments like this that do no harm and can do a lot of good. But remember, not any old hot cocoa will do. You can make your own using dark chocolate or other chocolate that’s high in cacao, the epicatechin-rich compound from which cocoa is derived. My recipe, which is delicious if I say so myself: 12 ounces of whole milk, 1.5 tbs of 100 percent cocoa powder, sugar to taste (as little as possible, I use one tsp), and four drops of vanilla extract. Warm up slowly at low or medium heat, stirring frequently, until the ingredients are dissolved and the mixture is hot. You don’t want to scald the milk. Don’t mistake “hot chocolate” powders for 100 percent dark chocolate cocoa powder.- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315600?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316614
- https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2020/02/hot-cocoa-aids-walking-in-peripheral-artery-disease/
Meet
The Expert:
The Expert:
Michael Sellar is a British writer who has spent over 30 years in the natural health industry. He has worked as a consultant nutritionist, lecturer to natural health professionals, newsletter editor, and writer. He also created and managed a website for twenty years promoting the work of natural therapists in his local community. He lives in rural England.
